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Modern African Poetry Modern African poetry, or literature, is not only modern in terms of being recent. It is termed modern because it is not traditional African poetry, or literature, and because it is pro and post independence in some region, and because it is recent. Moreover, certain uniform traits exists among poems, and literature, in this era. Some of these traits, features, characteristics or attributes are evident in their forms and contents. Examples of them are: syntactic jugglery, imagism, fragmentation, neologism, allusiveness, among others. They are also termed Modernist poetry because most of these poets imitates the techniques of the European Modernist poets too. From North Africa down to South Africa, poems in the early 19th century were mostly either written against oppression, imperialism, colonialism and apartheid. The poets who wrote against colonialism and imperialism, the first set, are regarded as the pioneer poets. Examples are Wole Soyinka, Christo...

Perlocutionary Acts The perlocutionary acts here will be considered according to the effect the data have on the readers. This therefore will prompt one to consider if a datum is a promise, order, bet, persuading, encouragement and so on. These are examples of some of the elements that will be examined in the data below. Datum 1: Discover scented skin that turns heads! One can suggest that this datum depicts order due to the fact that it instructs the reader to behave in a certain. This simple clause is written in a such a way that it is used to compel the reader to choose the product. Another thing one can deduce is that the word 'discover' and the exclamation help one to deduce that this cause is giving order. Datum 2: Keep your braids or weaves neat everyday within 3weeks of use. This datum can be asserted to have a promise a perlocutionary acts. The writer promises the reader  that the product will help to keep the weaves and braids if the reader neat up to three we...

FANTASY VERSUS REALITY: SOME MISCONCEPTIONS IN SOCIAL MEDIA Fantasies are thoughts that spawn from one’s imagination that is they are not real, material or concrete. Reality forms the existential events and surroundings around us; this simply puts means that reality deals with what we feel, embrace and what we can get. Fantasy dwells on living in one’s head or thought. Fantasy relies on fictitious events that one may want to happen but is not taking place. It is a shift from reality and as such tends to dull the senses of a person due to its intriguing aspect. It can be suggested that fantasy is the same thing like drugs; this is due to the fact like drugs releases dopamine (the pleasure hormone to the brain).  Reality which dwells on actual events tends to pass information of what is really happening.  Let us begin with a story in Chuang Tzu’s For the All Things. “Once upon a time, I, Chuang Tzu, dreamt I was a butterfly, fluttering hither and thither, to all intents and p...

Words are added to the English dictionary constantly, everyday, due to writers giving themselves freedom to capture their thoughts; thus, they take liberty in creating new words. This is due to the fact that the English language is the most spoken language in the world. As a common language used among humans, therefore it calls for users to make words to convey or reveal their meaning so as to express themselves evenly. Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society  (as cited in Salzmann, 1993, p. 153). Thus, one can sense the importance why new words need to be created. This attitude easily gives English the advantage to have more lexicons than some other languages. There are four different levels of linguistics, and these levels are: phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. The bra...

Words are added to the English dictionary constantly, everyday, due to writers giving themselves freedom to capture their thoughts; thus, they take liberty in creating new words. This is due to the fact that the English language is the most spoken language in the world. As a common language used among humans, therefore it calls for users to make words to convey or reveal their meaning so as to express themselves evenly. Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society  (as cited in Salzmann, 1993, p. 153). Thus, one can sense the importance why new words need to be created. This attitude easily gives English the advantage to have more lexicons than some other languages. There are four different levels of linguistics, and these levels are: phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. The bra...

In defining what social problem is, one can assert that social problems are problems that plagues the society at large. This is not related to individual problems that may dwell on a person’s emotional break down or other personal issues that plagues a person. These personal problems include: joblessness, sickness or mental derailment. Nonetheless, these personal problems may at large affect the society at large. Thus, this kind of circumstance can be said to be social problems.  For instance, joblessness may be a social problem plaguing a society, lack of social amenities and so on will also affect the individual; all these may form what one can ascribe to be social problems. Therefore, one can assert that a problem facing the society at is referred to as a social problem. Therefore, it is important to actually note the causes of a social problem. The causes of social problems may be three-fold but cannot be treated in isolation: (i) Individual (ii) Cultural (iii)Structural...

You wonder who the wonder kid, Joe Aribo is? Where he is from? How he got to wear the number 10 jersey? Joseph Oluwaseyi Temitope Ayodele-Aribo mase his international debut for the Super Eagles today, September 10, 2019, alongside some other young players. But, he was spectacular today because of his goal and wonderful display on the pitch. He tapped in Alexander Iwobi's square pass into the net just three minutes into play. Àjàyí has just signed for the Scottish top flight club, Rangers where he has made three appearances so far. Ayeojuyo, Olamilekan Joshua

Code Switching is a phenomenon that happens when two languages come in contact. One can simply define code switching as the switch from one language to another. Therefore, one can suggest that this happens to someone who understands or uses two language as a tool of communication; that is bilinguist. According to Claudia (2005), he affirms that Code-switching is a widespread phenomenon in bilingual speech, and it is therefore not surprising that a great proportion of research on bilingualism focuses on this topic. Therefore, in a conversation a bilinguist tends to use two languages alternately; this poses that the participants of the conversation are familiar with the languages used in conversation. Therefore, one can assert that most of the participants are also bilinguists. It is imperative for one to define what code switching is. Poplack, S. (2014) defines Code-switching  as but one of a number of the linguistic manifestations of language contact and mixing, which variously ...

Film or movie is a product of cultural and social processes. It is usually created out of the experiences of people. Simultaneously, it also affects the experiences and actions of individuals. It plays an active role. Acting and movie production draw from existing body of knowledge; which it sometimes interprets. This body of knowledge may be language, culture or history. Moreover, film presents a social reality which is created interactively through action, characters and its other paraphernalia. Cultural studies and critical pedagogy started in the United States of America. Here, film performs the function of entertainment and education, by reflecting our society in an audio visual and dramaturgical representation. Nestler Sebastian (2006) describes film as “what comes with the potential of making complex issue easily assessable through images as well. Thus, by reflecting the society, movies advertently, and inadvertently, demonstrates the peculiar characteristics of that culture. ...

Structuralism Theory When one focuses on the term structure, what one has in mind is the outlook or appearance of an entity: one can suggest this as the physical properties or features of an entity. Thus, when  a student of language comes across the term structuralism  as a linguistic theory, he or she may take it for the analysis of a text or discourse by focusing on its composition, or  structure. In reality there is a clear boundary between the latter assertion and what structuralism is. Thus, what is structuralism?  Structuralism refers to a set of general principles shared by prominent European linguists of the inter-war period who were all deeply influenced by Ferdinand de Saussure’s Cours de linguistique generale. The father of semiotics, Ferdinand de Saussure helps to serve as a precursor to what we have now as structuralism.  Therefore, one needs to define what semiotics is so as to have a premise to what structuralism is.  Marcel Danesi (2014...

LITERATURE REVIEW AN INTRODUCTION In this aspect of the thesis a review of literatures relevant to the topic is carried out. This includes work of other scholars that contains certain aspect of the topic to provide clarity also to show the stance of different scholars.  It aims at the investigation of how the pidgin variety of the English Language, otherwise known as” brokin” has influenced the teaching and learning of the standard English Language in Nigeria. Having adopted the language as was introduced by the British as the lingua franca for over four decades, one and would have expected a thorough mastery of the language but the reverse is the case. It is quite obvious that the world has turned into a global village with the English language still gaining wide spread of usage, having other peculiar varieties: the Nigerian English, the American variety, the Pidgin English and the British to mention a few; which in themselves have other varieties. Relatively evident, is the fa...